H2S is the major toxin in biogas which is both hazardous as well as poisonous and causes substantial damage to various devices, piping, in addition to instrumentation. The concentration of different elements of biogas affects its ultimate end-use. The internal combustion engines function most effectively when H2S is maintained less than 100 ppm while boilers are able to endure concentrations of H2S as much as 1000 ppm plus comparatively low pressures. The commonly used techniques for the H2S removal from biogas happen to be internal to the anaerobic digestion procedure – iron chloride dosage to digester slurry as well as air/oxygen dosage to digester biogas.

Biological Desulphurization

It is feasible to carry out biological desulphurization of biogas by making use of microorganisms. The majority of the sulphide oxidizing microorganisms belongs to the Thiobacillus family. It is vital to include stoichiometric volumes of oxygen to the biogas for the microbiological oxidation of sulphide. It corresponds to 2% to 6 % air in biogas based on the concentration of hydrogen sulphide.

The most straightforward technique of desulphurization is the inclusion of oxygen or air directly into the digester or within a storage tank functioning concurrently as the gasholder. Devices do not need transmission since Thiobacilli happen to be all-pervasive. They develop on the surface of the digestate providing the required nutrients and the required microaerophilic surface simultaneously. Yellow clusters of sulphur are created in this way. It is possible to minimize the hydrogen sulphide concentration by 95% to less than 50 ppm which is determined by the reaction time, the temperature, the amount as well as place of the air added.

In the event of pump failures procedures of safety need to be taken to stay away from the overdosing of air. As per the content of methane, biogas in air happens to be explosive in the range of 6% to 12%. There is a minor chance of corrosion at the gas/liquid interface in steel digesters devoid of rust protection.

Iron Chloride Dosing

It is possible to provide iron chloride straightaway to the feed substrate or to the digester slurry within a pre-storage tank. Following this, iron sulphide salt is created by the action of Iron chloride on hydrogen sulphide gas removal. In spite of being less efficient in hitting a low and steady level of hydrogen sulphide within the range of vehicle fuel requirements, this particular technique is highly successful in lowering high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide.

In this context, the procedure with iron chloride dosing to digester slurry can only be considered as a partial removal method so as to stay away from corrosion in the remaining portion of the upgrading procedure equipment. It is imperative to accompany this technique with a final elimination down to around 10 ppm.

For this kind of removal procedure, the investment charges are restricted given that the only investment necessary happens to be a dosing pump in addition to a storage tank for the iron chloride solution. On the flip side, due to the high price of iron chloride the functional cost is going to be high.

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